I also recommend using a heated eye compress or mask regularly to prevent the eyelid glands from getting clogged in the first place.įor those who wear contacts, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before touching the contact lenses or your eyes. Always wash your hands with soap and water before applying makeup. Throw away makeup when its expiration date hits.ĭon’t apply eyeliner to the area behind the eyelashes (sometimes referred to as the “water line”), as this clogs the openings of the glands. Use cleansing wipes or foaming cleansers that are safe for eyelids. If you wear makeup, be sure to remove it every day. To avoid styes, good hygiene is the best method. People with conditions like dry eye, blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid) or rosacea (a skin condition that triggers redness and bumps on the face) are more prone to styes. Some people have a greater risk for developing styes. This is an in-office procedure but usually isn’t performed until you’ve used consistent warm compresses and treatment for 4-6 weeks. If that doesn’t work, and scar tissue forms, your eye doctor might recommend a surgical procedure that involves a small slit in the stye to remove the remaining tissue. You should also call your eye doctor if your vision changes, or if the swelling expands to your entire eyelid or your cheek.ĭepending on the size and location of the stye, your doctor might prescribe eye drops, eye ointments or oral medications. If you’ve been using warm compresses with an eyelid mask for up to five days and the stye hasn’t not improved, visit your eye doctor. See a doctor if the stye isn’t going away Makeup could also further inflame the area and make it more painful. However, doing so will only delay the healing process. I understand it’s tempting to try to hide the unsightly stye. I also advise my patients to refrain from using eye makeup while dealing with a stye. Rather, they may just prolong the issue by further clogging the glands. You also shouldn’t use over-the-counter “stye ointments.” These products are only lubricants, and they won’t improve the stye. Since styes are very close to the eye, you could damage the eye itself or trigger a more serious infection. Doing this can inflame the area and cause more pain. Squeezing a stye to try to drain the fluid is a bad idea. Just like with store-bought items, use a clean washcloth for 10 minutes several times per day.ĭon’t ever try to “pop” a stye. However, if you can’t get to the store, you can also use a warm washcloth. In my practice, I’ve found these heated eye compresses are the most effective tools for getting rid of a stye. Remember to clean the eyelid mask per the instructions after each use. The mask should feel comfortable over your eyes and not feel too warm to the touch. I advise using the warmed eyelid mask for 10 minutes at a time, up to four times each day. Most versions are microwavable and reusable, and some are powered with a USB cord. You can find them for less than $10 at places like CVS, Target and Kroger. These items can be purchased at any drugstore pharmacy or grocery store without a prescription. I always recommend that my patients use a heated eye compress or mask. Warmer temperatures will unclog the infected glands and promote drainage. Heat is your best tool for getting rid of a stye. Treating a stye at home: Apply heat to the stye You can usually treat a stye at home, but there are situations that may require a trip to your eye doctor’s office. However, a stye isn’t contagious, so there’s no reason to avoid others. They produce the oil that keeps your eyes from drying out and prevents tears from evaporating too quickly.Ī stye is typically filled with oil, and it’s very common among adults and children. Everyone has several of these glands, which sit just behind the eyelashes. Have you noticed a small red bump on your eyelid? It may look similar to a pimple, but what you’re actually dealing with is a stye.Ī stye forms when an eyelid gland, which is called a meibomian gland, becomes clogged or infected.
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The filmmaker told Marvel Studios head Kevin Feige, " It's got to be Benedict" (via The Independent). Doctor Strange director Scott Derrickson only ever had eyes on Cumberbatch, even when negotiating with other actors. The role eventually went to Cumberbatch, and it was likely always his role. Along with Gosling, Joaquin Phoenix was considered for the role, but like Gosling, Phoenix didn't want a multi-movie deal with a studio. Communications (email, SMS, push, portal) Parent, Student and Staff. Several high-profile actors were up for the role of the Sorcerer Supreme. Discover how MySchools reliable and secure online platform supports your daily school management requirements, with a wide range of powerful and flexible features. Gosling was also a strong contender for the role of Doctor Strange in the MCU, a part that eventually went to Benedict Cumberbatch. And while Reynolds has since been able to make fun of the movie in his Deadpool series, it was almost career-ending for him at the time. Gosling dodged a bullet, as the 2011 movie was criticized for having too much CGI, among other issues. However, he expressed that superhero movies weren't for him (via MTV). Before Ryan Reynolds was officially cast in the role, Gosling was up for the part of Hal Jordan. His history with superhero movies goes as far back as 2011's Green Lantern. The school or school district may remit the Program Fee to HPS.The Joker in Suicide Squad isn't the first role in a comic book movie that Ryan Gosling has been up for and passed on. By completing the transaction, you are agreeing to pay the Program Fee to HPS. If a Program Fee is charged, it will be displayed onscreen before you complete the payment transaction. HPS may charge a Program Fee in connection with the Services and/or transactions processed through the Services. Meal funds are generally available for your student to use within 1-2 business days. Payments will show as "pending" on your Meal Accounts (for meals) or Store (for school items and invoices) page until they post to your student's account at their school. Electronic checks are typically processed within one business day. Your credit card will be authorized as soon as you place your order. How long does it take for funds to be added to my student’s meal account? If you do not see your preferred payment method when you login, contact your school and/or district for more information. Your school district may differ on which types of payments they will accept. In some instances, schools and districts have enabled electronic checks and American Express. MySchoolBucks accepts Visa, Discover, and MasterCard. What credit cards/methods of payment are accepted? If an additional account is needed, the account creator will follow the same simple three-step setup process. A student can be tied to multiple user accounts. If another person or family member needs to make a payment for your student, they can create their own MySchoolBucks profile. (Some schools and districts may require either the student’s date of birth or student ID number.)Ĭan other people make payments for my student? Add a Student to your account using the student’s name, date of birth and/or student ID number.Create a user profile with your email address, establish a password, and set up your security questions.Download the app or visit the MySchoolBucks homepage and click on “Sign Up Today”.Getting started is a simple three-step process! You're going to need to be efficient with your time and movement, so focus entirely on this one trophy.Īt the end of this step, you should have the following trophies: In this step, all you should have left is the trophy for completing the game in 25 deaths or less. You could probably clean up some of the trophies from Step 1 here, but the shorter time limit would make it a lot harder, so you're better off doing everything else in your first playthrough. The game does allow you to continue after beating the game, but as far as I can tell, you're trapped inside the boss room, so I suggest holding off on actually beating the game before doing all of your clean up.Īt the end of this step you should have the following trophies:įor this step, you're just going to focus on finishing the game in Second Run mode. This step is where I recommend doing just about everything, because you won't have any extra time or difficulty constraints while playing. Step 1: Play through the game without killing any snakes, stopping just before the boss get 100% of the items, coins and hearts and any miscellaneous objectives With the help of this guide, you're going to have a quick and easy road to the platinum trophy, but if you have the time or inclination, I encourage you to play through the game once without any help, just to experience what I think is one of the best PSN games of the year so far. Luckily for us, and the big-lipped duck thing you play as, any progress you make or items you pick up carry over to the next minute of gameplay. Minit is an old-school, top-down adventure game, similar to the original Legend of Zelda, with the catch being that you die every 60 seconds (hence the name of the game). Number of missable trophies: 2 (Pacifist, Sort Of Minimalist).Approximate amount of time to platinum: 2-4 hours. And he doesn’t have much projects in the past. WYB has never had drama work where he was top billing, always 2nd, I think. Seniority wise, ZLS should get the top billing. Tip billing will be the first one to fight with. His fans are notorious for fighting with almost every fandom in the c-ent. I don’t think WL will sign.Ĭrazy me would like to see a pairing with WYB. Her fans and WL’s fans have an ongoing nasty fights. No one can keep this kind of momentum forever esp in c-ent, and if she keeps doing the same thing, there will be no new offering. By the speed she is going, that’s likely to happen. If JB films this with her, by the time it gets released, in 2023 or 2024, she’ll have over exhausted her popularity, and it will affect him. She’s already over exposed and it is bound to simmer down especially if all drama people see is her and her projects. I know I’ll be blasted for saying this, but XLS has been filming non stop, project after project. I also personally think this isn’t the right project for him. He wouldn’t want to be involved in any fan wars. Jing Boran appears to be a calm, collected guy. If it was to make yourself look better, it kinda didn’t. If it was to shame me, not sure it worked. I’m only chiming in because you’re making yourself look bad and I don’t presume it’s necessarily your intention. If a news turns out later either to be false or true then but later didn’t happen, it’s no biggie to have shared it. I know I make mistakes in writing, in spelling, in grammar, in even the news I report but it’s never intentional and I don’t lose sleep over it nor is there any shame in it. You seem to take it personally and I’m sorry you feel that way. Thanks for the corrections, I make edits and corrections all the time and never have a problem with it. You just come across as a sanctimonious tryhard.Īre you correct? Yes! Do most people care? No! See, it’s not that hard. It’s like focusing on the misspelled word when most everyone else wants to talk about the content of the essay. It’s always a bad idea to double down, even if you are “technically” correct. Thanks for the love gurl, and also I like super love your new handle even more it’s, like, epic. What kind of entertainment blogger can’t even spell names on Wikipedia correctly and why are their readers calling out comments that ask for better spelling? Do you want this blog to lose credibility or Lol that suffered identity theft If someone at work spelt your surname wrongly would you ignore it and think “Its OK they are a nice person let them call me Silver instead of Sylvia”. The principle of the matter is, it is not wrong to tell an entertainment blogger to spell someone’s name correctly for her own credibility. As someone who calls out Koala for posting a lot of fake rumours (because I suspect she is not a native Chinese speaker and doesn’t understand how to discern clearly fake melons when reading, it’s really a matter of reading comprehension and I would be hopeless in reading Thai gossip forums too), I finally get why she does it if she can’t even bother to check how to spell a popular actor’s name correctly when it’s on Wikipedia.ģ. If you can’t even spell a famous or public person’s name correctly when it take 2 seconds to Google or check Wiki, your website will look cheap.Ģ. Its like saying Son Jihyo is the same as Song Jihyo, it isnt and people shouldn’t be upset when told to spell it correctly.ġ. Take a CHILL PILL PEEPS □ □Įven if Koala is Taiwanese, Jing 井Boran is Jing Boran in Pinyin or Wade Gilles. She seems to have the stamina to do it… so why not? Why are you giving her armchair career advice? So if there’s work available, she’ll take it. She’s trying to make money… like everyone working in the entertainment industry. Let people like what they like in their own terms, without comments like yours that just seems to rain on people’s parade.Īlso, this talk that she needs to slow down… just calm your farm. You are quite passionate in trying to convince people to dislike her… why? What’s it to you? I enjoy watching Zhao Lusi’s work, I think she’s pretty good to watch in dramas though I wouldn’t consider myself a fan… but when you keep attacking her like this, I can’t help but speak up. Just because her team got caught, doesn’t mean other celebrities are angels… they’re just better at convering up their tracks. SURPRISE!! Look no further than Hallyu in Korea, and or Hollywood. let me tell you a little secret… the whole entertainment industry is cut throat and a toxic industry. So what?Īlso you keep harping on about her bad publicity team…. You really have a way to put people down huh? Perhaps later, because i need to do only the stages everything else its done. So i dont know when im going to return to this.ĬLARIFICATION: The game uses different images for the menus depending of the language, and i only made the spanish menu, so, if you are an english user, you will have the majority of the original (not upscaled) resolution menu, in the future, i will upscale all the english menus of the game too. I will release a second version of this texture pack but the thing is that, now that i released this, I will continue with a texture pack for the game "Star Wars episode 1: Racer, and when i finish it, i will continue with Devil May Cry 1. And now, the rooms previously affected by the shader look a little darker, with more contrast and red-ish in some cases, but with more diverse colors than before (start of mission 3 for example)īecause of this, you cant enable it again using this texture pack, i mean, you can, but if you do, a lot of rooms will look super bright because of the changes i had to made to contrast when i disabled the filter.Īnd i disable the fog effect, because in my oppinion, the fog its there only to hide the low resolution of the textures (in cutscenes more than anything).īut if you want to re-enable the fog, i will explain how to do it in the "how to install and required files" post. To put some context, i disabled a shader effect that was applied over everything in some missions/rooms (stage and enemies) that made all look greenish/yellowish/too bright. The thing is that, this texture pack has some changes in terms of color saturation,fog layer and brightness in some scenes. Because some textures of DMC3 were very low resolution, and i could only manage to make them look more clean (noise-wise) Some rooms are more improved than others, sometimes looks a lot better, and sometimes look similar but with less noise on the textures. In general, i upscaled the original textures and, in some cases (very low resolution textures or bad ones) i used a entirely new texture (trying to maintain the art style of the room) using textures from DMC4 or others. When Capcom/Neobards ported the game to newer systems, their upscaling methods broke practically every texture of the game, and for this texture pack i ported practically every texture of the ps2 version to the Hd collection version (Upscaling the textures with gigapixel and retouching them with denoise AI and GIMP) Hello, I want to share with you a Texture pack for the game Devil May Cry 3 (HD collection version) The first Japanese Zen Master, Soyen Shaku, arrived in America in 1893. Zen did not reach the West until after Japan was opened by Commodore Perry in 1853, and it put down very shallow roots for the next century as the esoteric practice of a very few Westerners. Zen was adopted by the Imperial Court, and became the prime philosophy of the Samurai. Around 1500, Zen became a major influence on Japanese culture, inspiring calligraphy, art, gardening, the Tea Ceremony, and other traditional Japanese activities. Zen also traveled to Korea, where it is known as Son, and to Vietnam, where it is called Thien. Dhyana was carried from India to China by Bodhidharma two millennia later, and developed in China as Ch’an, which was then brought to Japan as Zen by Master Eisai. In India, the sitting practice was known as Dhyana. Zen traces its putative beginnings back to the day the Buddha sat in meditation under the Bodhi Tree all those years ago. It puts aside the iconography and ritual of other forms of Buddhism, focusing on the practitioner’s direct experience of this present moment… “Zen” is a Japanese word transcribed from the Chinese “Ch’an,” which in turn derives from the Sanskrit word “Dhyana.” It is also known as “Thien” in Vietnam and “Son” in Korea. Zen traces its earliest roots back to the intense sitting meditation practiced b y the Buddha which resulted in his enlightenment. ~ To them this page is dedicated in respect, reverence, and deepest affection. ~ Some years ago, I reintroduced myself to Zen practice under the tutelage of Doshin Cantor Sensei and my Dharma family at the Southern Palm Zen Group in Boca Raton, Florida. ~ I drifted away from Zen in the 1990s and early 2000s, focusing more intently on developing my legal practice. ~ Without a formal teacher, my hither-and-yon education in Zen was punctuated primarily by reading authors such as Alan Watts, Peter Matthiessen, D.T. ~ This experience led me into a long, if intermittent, apprenticeship as a Zen practitioner, occasionally as a visitor to a sitting group, but most often alone. Although Rajah Singh did not call what he was teaching us “Zazen,” that was in fact what it was. The Unyielding Spirit In my first year of college, I was introduced to a form of sitting meditation by one of my Professors, Rajah Singh, the hereditary Court Musician of the Mogul Emperors of India. Using these guiding principles, we argue that effective philanthropists should focus not on a legally binding ban of autonomous weapons, but on researching strategic risks and on working on a set of so-called confidence-building measures or CBMs, which have a track record of regulating militarily-useful technologies. Focus on key actors, rather than multilateral inclusiveness, and prioritize those states most likely to develop and use autonomous systems, possibly starting with bilateral dialogues.Focus on strategic risks, including the effects of autonomous systems on nuclear stability.We argue that philanthropists can have an outsized impact in this space by following two guiding principles to choose their interventions: In addition to outlining the risks from autonomous weapon systems and the military applications of AI, we also evaluate potential interventions to mitigate these risks. Thus, philanthropists have an opportunity to have an outsized impact in this space and reduce the long-term risks to humanity’s survival and flourishing. Third, the most widely-advocated solution - formal treaty-based arms control or a “killer robot ban” - is not the most tractable solution. Second, those who do study risks beyond “slaughterbots” (like automation bias, strategic stability, etc.) are few and receive even less funding there is a talent shortage and room for funding. First, the largest organizations focus mostly on humanitarian issues, leaving strategic threats relatively neglected. These risks include the increased speed of decision-making in a world with autonomous weapons, automation bias, increased complexity leading to a higher risk of accidents and escalation, and the possibility of AI-related military competition and its implications for long-term AI safety.Īlthough “killer robots” feature in the popular imagination, and some prominent organizations have taken up and promoted the cause, autonomous weapons remain a neglected issue for three reasons. We argue that much of the problem arises from strategic risks that affect the likelihood of great power conflict, nuclear war, and risks from artificial general intelligence. This report intends to advise philanthropic donors who wish to reduce the risk from autonomous weapon systems and from the military applications of AI more broadly. Autonomy in weapon systems therefore affects both the long-term future of the world and the lives of billions of people today. Several of these issues are potential pathways towards existential and global catastrophic risks. Autonomous weapons and military applications of AI more broadly (such as early-warning and decision-support systems) have the potential to increase the risk factors for a variety of issues, including great power war, nuclear stability, and AI safety. The use and proliferation of autonomous weapon systems appears likely in the near future, but the risks of AI-enabled warfare are under-studied and under-funded. I would like to thank Anthony Aguirre, Stephen Clare, Sjir Hoeijmakers, Emilia Javorsky, Matt Lerner, Carl Robichaud, and Shaan Shaikh for their helpful comments and advice on earlier drafts, and to thank to Paul Scharre and Michael Horowitz, whose research and insights on AI-enabled military systems are foundational to much of this report. (This cause area report is viewable as a Google Doc here.) Autonomous Weapon Systems and Military AI In order to maximize your winning rate, you need to find tables where the players are playing fast and wide. Even if you’re better than them, they play tight and the rake (the withdrawal made by the online poker room) will absorb your winnings. There is no point in playing against regular players. The idea is to find the most profitable tables and opponents. It is the ultimate table selection tool, available exclusively in PokerTracker as an add-on service. How does it work? By automating tasks such as managing the time bank, setting up shortcuts, managing waiting lists, opening tables and much more.Īnother useful tool is TableTracker. Holdem Manager Free Trial PokerTracker 4, the ultimate poker tracker for analysisĪn additional software, I would recommend TableNinja II saves you time when playing at multiple tables. Find here the complete test of Holdem Manager 3. Version 3 is finally available this winter! I have tested it and present you its new features. Developers have been working for 4 years to improve and optimize it. Holdem Manager 3 is the latest and most accomplished version of the popular Holdem Manager poker tracker. Currently, the programs cost exactly the same: $60 for Small Stakes Holdem versions and $100 for all Holdem levels.įor those of you who also play Omaha, there is an Omaha version, at the same price, and combined Holdem and Omaha packages at $160. If you own a Mac, just use PokerTracker 4. While HM3 is Windows-based software and you can run it on a Mac only under emulation, but I would not recommend it. Of the two poker trackers, PT4 is available for both Windows and Mac platforms. However, the two companies are still in competition and the current versions are PokerTracker 4 and Hold’em Manager 3. In August 2014, the two companies announced a merger that would allow them to focus on quality and new product development. Since winter 2019, the developers have finally released the long-awaited 3rd installment of Holdem Manager! And it was worth the wait! Hold’em Manager 3, the smooth poker tracker Later, PokerTracker 3 included the Ace HUD, but at that time I preferred to use Hold’em Manager. I started with PokerTracker Holdem v2 when I still had to buy the Ace HUD separately. I have owned both for a long time and I can tell you that the choice is mostly a matter of personal preference. Moreover, their use is supported on all major poker sites. Which is the best poker tracker? When it comes to features, prices and service, both software programs are excellent and similar. There are currently only two stable and comprehensive programs for analyzing poker statistics – Hold’em Manager 3 and PokerTracker 4. In short, it allows you to improve your game and thus become a better poker player. You can then review your hands, see trends, analyze your playing style, spot leaks in your game and fix them. The poker tracker keeps a history of every hand you’ve played. presents detailed data on the playing habits of your opponents. analyzes your playing patterns and trends.allows you to track your online poker progress.We exposes you hereafter the assets of each.Ī poker tracker is a tracking software that: What is the best poker tracker? Holdem Manager 3? PokerTracker 4? These decision support software have both very precise features allowing you to significantly improve your profitability. They also provide an analysis of player’s game like what percentage of hands they play in position or how often they bluff. Poker players can use these poker tracking apps to track their game statistics like hands played per hour or total hours played. Some of the best poker tracker apps include Poker Tracker 4, Poker Copilot, Xeester, and Holdem Manager. These apps are available for Android, iOS, and Windows. Poker players have been using poker tracking apps to track their games and improve their poker skills. Once a player understands how to track their own game using one of these programs, they can find areas within their game where they need improve. Today, there are several tracking apps for poker players available on the market that calculate all the various probabilities, including a good variance calculator. A good tracker will provide information about how much money you have won, what the last bet is, and whether you are progressing in your journey to win big.Īll the top professional poker players have a strong understanding of odds and odds-calculation. There are numerous tools that can help improve your game and one of them is the best poker tracker. If you want to become a skilled and professional poker player, then you need to take your game up a notch. Some might be great at playing poker but lack the skills to win. Not all poker players are gifted with the same skills. She attended the Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle where she majored in jazz vocals. Although Elizabeth is regarded as one of the most affluent cast members currently appearing on the show as the ex-wife of Norwegian businessperson Bernt O. Born and raised in Missouri, Elizabeth Lyn Vargas always dreamed of living a life of luxury on the beaches of Orange County and with the help of her. Instead, she flaunted them for the camera, and explained her perfectly understandable reason for having a pair of footwear she normally would not choose. Elizabeth Lyn Vargas was born in Missouri. Video from KCBS showed police vehicles blocking. Bodal, she receives 31,000 in monthly spousal support she wasn't born into a life of luxury. She described the heels she wore as “cheap, ugly shoes,” but in typical Elizabeth fashion, she didn’t seem majorly bummed out by having to wear them. KCBS-TV Channel 2 reported that property records showed the home belongs to former Real Housewives of Orange County star Elizabeth Lyn Vargas. Although Elizabeth is regarded as one of the most affluent cast members currently appearing on the show as the ex-wife of Norwegian businessperson Bernt O. “Look how see-through this is!” she said.Īs much as Elizabeth appeared to enjoy her reunion look, there was one tiny detail she didn’t show much love for. Of course, her reunion debut was no exception, and the comments she made about the shoes she wore are far too relatable.īravo Insider caught up with a few of the RHOC ladies before they sat down for the Season 15 reunion, and in the exclusive video above, Elizabeth dropped a few gems as she got ready backstage.įirst, Elizabeth showed off her sheer floor-length gown, proudly declaring, “It is full-on nakedness under here, ladies and gentleman!” before explaining that she had to purchase a slip to wear under the dress before wearing it. UPDATED with latest: A suspect was charged today with several felonies related to an alleged attack on former Real Housewives of Orange. From making a case as to why it’s not a bad idea to label a lunch spread to noting that she has a very significant monthly clothing budget, and even defending the legitimacy of her own butt, the newcomer has never disappointed when given the chance to keep it real. A post shared by Elizabeth Lyn Vargas (elizabethlynvargas) Vargas revealed that her grandmother was the founder of the cult and her father was a pastor during part two of The Real Housewives. Bravo announced the new addition to season 15 of The Real Housewives of Orange County on Wednesday, September 2. Elizabeth Lyn Vargas has made quite an impression during her very first season as a cast member on The Real Housewives of Orange County. Elizabeth Lyn Vargas is officially showing off her new orange. By Tiberius Kowalski.Ģ) Extract zip file to your hard drive, this will create the folder ģ) got to -> -> -> and move file "cvx0226.bgl" to your folder. military base during the 20th century, Johnston airport was shut down in 2005. It was used as test site for all kinds of weapons. Johnston is an unincorporated territory of the United States. Johnston Atoll is a small atoll in the north Pacific. This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website. VPB-124 operating PB4Y-2s from 2 July 1945 –.VP-28 operating P2V-5FS from 17 April-7 July 1962 in support of nuclear testing.VP-6 operating P2V-5FS in July 1962 in support of nuclear testing.VP-4 operating SP-2Hs from 22 January to July 1966.VP-23 operating PBY-5s from 7 December 1941 – 8 July 1942.VP-13 operating PB2Y-3s from 1 March-19 November 1943.VP-11 operating PBY-5s from 30 April-1 July 1942.VB-148 operating PV-2s from 7 June-16 August 1945.VB-142 operating PV-1s from 28 August-11 November 1943.VB-104 operating PB4Y-1s from 11 April-14 August 1943.VB-102 operating PB4Y-1s from 28 February-22 April 1943.US Navy and Marine units based at Johnston included: In December 1943 the 99th Naval Construction Battalion arrived at the atoll and proceeded to lengthen the runway to 6,000 feet (1,800 m) and add an additional 10 acres (4.0 ha) of parking to the seaplane base. The 5th Battalion departed in January 1943. In July 1942 the civilian contractors at the atoll were replaced by 500 men from the 5th and 10th Naval Construction Battalions, who expanded the fuel storage and water production at the base and built additional facilities. On 15 December 1941 the atoll was shelled by a Japanese submarine outside the reef, several buildings were hit, but no personnel were injured. The base was complete by 7 December 1941. A 4,000 feet (1,200 m) by 500 feet (150 m) runway was built together with two 400-man barracks, two messhalls, a cold-storage building, an underground hospital, a fresh-water plant, shop buildings and fuel storage. In September 1941 construction of an airfield on Johnston Island commenced. In February 1941 Johnston Atoll was designated as a Naval Defensive Sea Area and Airspace Reservation. On Sand Island barracks were built for 400 men, a messhall, underground hospital, radio station, water tanks and a 100 feet (30 m) steel control tower. Three seaplane landings were cleared, one 11,000 feet (3,400 m) by 1,000 feet (300 m) and two cross-landings each 7,000 feet (2,100 m) by 800 feet (240 m) and dredged to a depth of 8 feet (2.4 m). Part of the lagoon was dredged and the excavated material was used to make a plane parking area connected by a 2,000 feet (610 m) causeway to Sand Island. In November 1939 further work was commenced on Sand Island by civilian contractors to allow the operation of one squadron of patrol planes with tender support. They erected some buildings and a boat landing on Sand Island and blasted coral to clear a 3,600 feet (1,100 m) seaplane landing. In 1935 personnel from the US Navy's Patrol Wing Two carried out some minor construction to develop the atoll for seaplane operation. |
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